应用排名历史
应用说明
In 1977 Goldman, et al., developed the first
cardiac risk index for patients above 40 years of age about to be operated by looking at nine variables, which increased
the risk of perioperative cardiac complications.[1] These variables are
preoperative third heart sound or
jugular venous distention
myocardial infarction in the preceding six months
more than five premature
ventricular contractions per minute documented at any time before operation
cardiac rhythm other than sinus
rhythm or presence of premature atrial contractions on preoperative electrocardiogram
age over 70 years
intraperitoneal, intrathoracic or aortic operation
emergency operation
important aortic valvular
stenosis
poor general medical condition
Goldman L, Caldera DL, Nussbaum SR, Southwick FS, Krogstad D,
Murray B, et al. Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures. N Engl J Med 1977;297:845-50
PMID 904659
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